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Computing is about understanding how a computer works and to best use it to gain insight from data. Computers are essentially machines that organize processes very very very fast.

A computer has many levels of organization. Deep very deep into a computer all data is either written or processed in a solid piece of matter: Processors, Hard Drives, RAM, etc. these are all solid pieces called Hardware. The images generated from the reading and processing give out what is known as Software. Software is the result or output of putting together an organizational framework from within the deep levels of encoded Hardware. The interaction or communication between Software and Hardware is a language, much like human voice languages. There is an input or message, a medium or interphase, and an output or result, which in a computer can be any of the possible outputs of what a computer can do, print, display, calculate, store or execute an action. There are many many many languages that serve as interphase... some of whicn are HTML, CSS, FORTRAN, C, C++, RUBY, PYTHON, SQL, .... .... ... and many more. We'll try to make some sense out of these many languages here.

COMPUTING TRENDS: Go to Scientific Databases to learn about databases built for your immediate use. Soon @2015SSSSFFFF.

MATH TRENDS: Understanding a computer seeks a level of understanding of what tasks a computer can performs and these tasks are the arithmetic tasks that can and have by convention been set placed into human control: addittion, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, etc... these tasks are 'linear', meaning that these tasks fall into the 2nd Dimension, but computers also have the abilit to process data from the 3rd and 4th Dimension, as well as higher Dimensions that exist in the Mathematical Universe.

COMPUTING TRENDS: FORMATS: EPS RAW PNG JPEG TIF IFF PDF PDP GIF Raster Vector CYMK JPS JPF WEBP... : Encapsulated Postscript Vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator) EPS is a file extension for a graphics file format used in vector-based images in Adobe Illustrator. EPS stands for Encapsulated PostScript. An EPS file can contain text as well as graphics. The RAW file format has yet to undergo demosaicing, and so it contains just one red, green, or blue value at each pixel location. Digital cameras normally "develop" this RAW file by converting it into a full color JPEG or TIFF image file, and then store the converted file in your memory card. Portable Network Graphics (PNG /ˈpɪŋ/) is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was created as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), and is the most used lossless image compression format on the Internet. JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group. (.JPG file extension, pronounced Jay Peg). This is the right format for those photo images which must be very small files, for example, for web sites or for email. JPG is often used on digital camera memory cards, but RAW or TIFformat may be offered too, to avoid it. Interchange File Format (IFF), is a generic container file formatoriginally introduced by the Electronic Arts company in 1985 (in cooperation with Commodore/Amiga) in order to facilitate transfer of data between software produced by different companies. IFF files do not have any standard extension. Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems' co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot" that evolved into PDF.The Graphics Interchange Format (better known by its acronym GIF /ˈdʒɪf/ or /ˈɡɪf/) is a bitmap image format that was introduced by CompuServe in 1987 and has since come into widespread usage on the World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability. The BMP file format, also known as bitmapimage file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or simply a bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to storebitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems. A raster is a grid of x and y coordinates on a display space. (And for three-dimensional images, a z coordinate.) A raster image file identifies which of these coordinates to illuminate in monochrome or color values. Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygons—all of which are based on mathematical expressions—to represent images in computer graphicsVector graphics are based on vectors (also called paths), which lead through locations called control points or nodes. The CMYK color model (process color, four color) is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black).WebP is a new image format that provides lossless and lossy compression for images on the webWebP lossless images are 26% smaller in size compared to PNGs. WebP lossy images are 25-34% smaller in size compared to JPEG images at equivalent SSIM index.

COMPUTING TRENDS: MEASUREMENTS: WHAT IS A PIXEL? the smallest element of an image that can be individually processed in a video display system. So what is RESOLUTION http://vector-conversions.com/vectorizing/raster_vs_vector.html 72PPI, Print at 100-250ppi; https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/color-modes.html

COMPUTING TRENDS: CLASS vs DIV vs ID

<ul id="nav"> ;  <div id="footer"> ; <div class="sidebar-box">

ID's are unique ; Classes are NOT unique